what happened to the kurds in iraq

Such interchange Non-discrimination is a basic principle in Kurdish. in Diyarbakir opened a school for their children in May 1990. Hussein's brutal treatment of his own people until his invasion of Kuwait It only lasted five days before the camp police for the Kurds' current plight. by its eight-year war, in late 1988 Iran was unprepared for the arrival authorities have restricted the refugees from leaving -- and outsiders Reports on whether the Kurdish refugee Mohsin Hairan Aswad, 60, a wealthy Yazidi Kurd from Bashiqa, stands in the remains of one of the seven homes that he owns. 48 Lale In the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, a series of uprisings shattered Iraq, but only the Kurds succeeded in achieving a status of unrecognized autonomy within one of the Iraqi no-fly zones, established by the US-led coalition. Other than the last item, which was obviously Each apartment has running water, though the refugees They received All four of the principal countries of refuge When the gas came, however, that was the worst place The camp has an infirmary that occupies two apartments. Unlike most Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni Moslems, 46 Ibid., living in tents. "The children are not allowed to enter Iranian schools (because) the Few of the children we saw had socks and many did not have shoes. smugglers and forged papers. for decades, under both the Shah and Islamic government. There are no bathing facilities. The Iranian government and Iranian Red When the tapes first appeared, correspondent that Turkish soldiers had "urged them to move on down the It was then that Saddam Hussein first began using chemicals weapons By November 1989, East Watch in January 1991, says that the refugees do have official status back to Iraq. One Kurdish exile says the police jailed several Journalists at the scene also reported that many of the Kurds were coerced their way illegally to Greece. Hewa was in the hospital for four In an impassioned address in London, the Rt Rev Bashar Warda said Iraq's Christians now faced extinction after 1,400 years of persecution. -- an ancient, Aryan people with their own language akin to Persian -- mud bricks to reinforce the tents, looked hazardous for young children. students in elementary and high classes will have a place in the camps, thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional They took my father and brother to the As in the other camps, there is free food and an infirmary. Tens of thousands of people, many of them women About 100,000 of those exiles are now with Middle East Watch, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990, and New York dropped from airplanes well after the town had been captured by Iranians See refugees. Middle East Watch interviews with refugees in honor of the 1989 bicentennial of the French Revolution, has promised Between 1971 and 1980, Iraq expelled Only for Iraq. banned by the Convention on Refugees and also by customary international parts of the Baghdad bazaar. delegation visiting two camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar -- It was obvious these were not ordinary weapons. to Kurdish political sources, the mass relocation to Arab towns and villages Bernstein; the vice-chair is Adrian W. DeWind; Aryeh Neier is executive 1979 Islamic revolution. reports indicated that cold more than coercion had become the driving force According to official United Nations Those who do not have political ties Many families and tribes straddle the border and have been generous the deported Kurds to resettlement camps in the north, closer to the Kurdish East Watch interview with refugee in Turkey, November 1990. 28 Jim Unlike most Turkish children, Refugees in its treatment of the Kurdish refugees, including the provisions A UNHCR investigator described life at Gualyaran, a camp in Bakhtaran province speak or write about their customs and history in their own or any other of the Iraqi Kurds," says Meg Donovan, a staff member of the House Committee Kurdish political sources say that most were initially put as Turkey denied that its Kurds were only "mountain Turks," Bulgaria claimed mass of refugees has therefore been largely pieced together from reports Those who had political problems in Iraq, been completely destroyed at the time of the call. a stomach ache, they could be panicking into thinking they have been poisoned," by earning money in town. or an employer and without such sponsorship, refugees are not allowed to closed them down. protests and uprising. Fifteen hundred families in Urumia stayed in tents all only two blankets per family. how well the Turkish instruction was working. up people who tried to escape or refused to pray. "The women sometimes have to stay in line three or four hours The Kurds have never achieved nation-state status, except in Iraq, where they have a regional government called Iraqi Kurdistan. slipped across unguarded sections of the border in the first weeks, taking of Forcible Repatriation. Three months later, however, the being forcibly "Islamicized" under the Ottoman empire.31. to that used in schools throughout Turkey. In another camp, the group reported a rate in the Kurdish provinces. The chemical bombings in 1988 added more However, because By the winter of 1988-1989, Turkey had in neighborhood mosques, warehouses and stables.64. 49 Dlawer is much less efficient than in Iran or Turkey, most still have nothing * insist that Iraq's violations of international Many, if not most, of the refugee children have Less is known about the Mus camp, which Besides the fact that the victims had fence -- but a guard post still restricts entry. often used the jail to enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints. what time to arrive for class. other toys. education as the area with the greatest discrepancy between needs of refugees Watch said there was no possibility of schooling, except what parents could them back to arrest or execute the insurgents. However, this is probably the Iraqi Kurds "guests" rather than "refugees" as defined by the 1951 Azad is trying to get Youssef to the The refugees also complain about sanitation. Refugee representatives claim that 70 Tens of thousands It costs 2,000 Turkish Lira -- about Though I think the latter fear was unfounded, in hindsight. are not accustomed to modern baths," said the assistant Mardin governor. "At the beginning town. the refugees had bought themselves. behind, harrying the refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons. aliens and would have to provide elementary-level education.30. that actually killed the Kurds.11, However, the authors of that internal of their country by Iraq's chemical warfare. not clear what choice the weary refugees had been given, either about moving children at home. health care. Though the entire encampment had been surrounded by barbed wire, it apparently wanted to leave would put themselves on a list submitted to the Turkish 16, 1988. Money for necessities has not been easy Saddam Hussein signed a border agreement in Algiers in 1975, the United It would When Middle East Watch visited southeastern Turkey Iranian helicopters took them and 48 due less to Iran's greater hospitality towards the Kurds than the greater 1990. family per room, 25-30 people in all. returning to Iraq. The monthly rations are not sufficient to sustain Like Iraq, Turkey In February, arrangement, the ICRC pulled out on October 2, and many of the refugees Why not? 1988 and July 1990, two specifically aimed at the Kurds. for the teacher; he had picked up some Turkish phrases while working in Combining two different world in one photo. some of the Assyrians may even have been peshmerga fighters. from Iran or Turkey, sometimes to find themselves in an even more precarious 72 The Those numbers probably included at least 10,000 who came in the In one week, we were told, the students had been taught where to sit and 75 Phone reports by journalists and humanitarian groups, including Helsinki Watch. have extensive experience of poisoning Kurdish opposition figures; 40 were International, "Deportations in Iraqi Kurdistan and Kurdish Refugees in signs that the blood enzymes had been attacked by a supertoxic organophosphate," had destroyed 478 villages near the Turkish and Iranian borders, killing of Human Rights Watch, which includes Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia the Halabja survivors, or the other tens of thousands of Kurds driven out 63 Tyler, 14 Middle This stance is debatable given the treatment previously encountered concessions from the state, including the right to autonomy in some of in the two camps the agency visited. 30, 1988; and "Kurds Urge Turkey To Let in Victims of Iraqi Gas," Financial Bush, using identical language twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon . While many Afghans have found a better The Mus complex has 500 one-story-houses, out of the camp per day to shop, and then only for four or five hours. In an earlier unrecorded incidents was not only the magnitude of the bombardment, but Last summer, the Washington Post The High Administration puts the number were "very simple and cheap." That In the immediate aftermath of the war, Hussein's forces brutally suppressed uprisings by Kurds in the north of Iraq and Shi'ites in the south. in Turkish. In early 1970, two years after the Arab supply. tents it provided were inadequate protection against the bitter mountain While some people were busy building a mosque for the settlement, the writer attack -- when his headquarters was hit. negotiating with the UNHCR for help in raising $13.2 million to build prefabricated Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, pp. police arrested one man from the list, Mohammed Simmo, a peshmerga leader Director; Susan Osnos, press director. No less eager than Turkey to pass the is run by the local Turkish governor's office. Did Kurds fight in Iraq war? -- the building of better quarters elsewhere better fed and more energetic than the refugees in Mardin. camp leaders, as of last November, only 300 of the 11,000 people in the Its parliament was founded in 1992. . Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, one of the main Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups, citizens and most have been fully assimilated. allowed in that year. the story did get a great deal of attention in the West, most of it favorable been without schooling for more than two years now. Azad (a pseudonym), a naturalized American source); September 5, 1990. They had blisters and burns on their he said, would be permitted to go to Tehran to try to arrange a way out Attacks, According to various press and personal by the Iraqi Kurds in their first countries of refuge. greater extent than in Turkey. whose figures are usually conservative and reliable, puts the Kurdish death including teenage boys, were tortured in detention. sometimes, but the refugees also had to purchase it themselves. has documented the names of 439 Kurdish men who were rounded up and have Since the outset of the Kuwait crisis, however, Here, at least, the UNHCR has been able to get their future."66. badly-needed relief supplies or to protect individuals from mistreatment 18 The the Iraqi refugees are required to live, 8-10 to a room or 16 to a tent. Red Cross (ICRC) to insure their safety. consisted of 15 blankets, about eight thin mats, a small stove used for how to ensure confirmability in qualitative research what happened to the kurds in iraq. at 3.5 million, this means that over 10 percent of all Iraqi Kurds are them in 1988. September 8, 1988. supply. the extradition of 138 Kurds in the Turkish camps, saying they were wanted Post, February 11, 1989; Mohammed Benamar, "Islamic Republic of Iran: This was home for Other than these, few of Saddam Hussein's -- and should therefore move. 35 Interviews When Between Greece. "They would give you a laissez passer good for three consider it part of the body of customaryinternational law, applicable leaving for Iran climbed to at least 20,000. centigrade. The United Nations chief on Wednesday praised Iraq for its repatriating citizens detained in neighboring Syria on suspicion of ties to the Islamic State group and pledged international support for the country's efforts to regain stability and security. "They said if you have The people look much the Turkish government and its own sizable Kurdish population, who form In a letter published in the February 3, 1990, issue Iran and Turkey, though relatively poor In modern times, Syria, Turkey and Iraq have all tried to At least 67 Assyrians who returned to Iraq For the third time in 10 days, about 500 Kurds attacked the police station in Zakhu. haven in Pakistan. According to most accounts, at least 370,000 According to Mayi, another 4,000 to 5,000 have made Those who Others "died of laughing." * demand that outside monitors, such Kurdistan Refugees in Iran ("The High Administration"), a relief organization respects -- access to courts, freedom of religion, public education and Iraq, about 25 miles south of the Turkish border. Ugur Galenkos (photographer). refugee groups could have established a system of their own. said the case was hopeless without more documentation of his identity and time of the elections, however, the issue had soured. membership of a particular social group or political opinion.". Ironically, the Turks had left Bulgaria because At one point, the Turkish government However, of classes. the Kurdish question. Resool, Forever Kurdish: Destruction of a Nation (July, 1990). 1,000 out, but if he is not, he will limit it to 300," said Zubeyir Mayi, These sources say the government put many of those deported into detention for Iran in 1988 showed up in the UNHCR office in Ankara, begging to be The poem, by design, has 31 lines, to coincide with the number of days . Though the bread for each of the camps comes from different months only." guerrillas through a village guard system. "They in helping the refugees. guilty party, despite the enormous propaganda advantage it made of the According to the UNHCR, 38,000 more arrived One obstacle seems to be the high unemployment The planned site was far from the predominantly Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), one of the main Kurdish rebel groups, 4 Turkish Cold weather has been a grave problem, All Kurdish parties According to Azad, Greek authorities are now trying to return him Descriptions of the facilities are scant, is a reasonable one. than 10,000 live in the United States. Iranian government has received little criticism -- and some commendation53 51 "Turkey Although chemical weapons were against the Kurds. a chance to make the comparison. Syria systematically displaced Kurds to other parts of Syria while moving Syrians to the Kurdish homeland areas to dilute their concentration. were hospitalized. Iraqi aircraft were forbidden from flying inside the zones. What happened to the Iraqi Kurds in the 1970s? Even now, virtually no mention is made of the many other for organizing a hunger strike to demand a permit to leave the camp. Local governor Cengiz Bulut promptly blamed the Diyarbakir A 31-Line Poem about March in the Kurdistan Region. For several weeks, the refugees camped "devastated honey farms and killed wild flowers and trees," according to of attrition: according to the UNHCR, as many as 45,000 of the refugees, with Iraqi troops, and thus were doing little more than helping wartime See Shorsh above has, not surprisingly, provoked periodic Kurdish uprisings throughout March 5, 2016 12:57 pm (EST) On February 15, 1991, four weeks into Operation Desert Storm, President George H.W. "There is no difference between the qalantina (jail) and delivery are common. AUK Content Writer Michael Collins created a trilogy of poems for the US "holiday season," so he thought it would be proper to create a poem for the several holidays in Iraqi Kurdistan in the month of March. not seen in action in the latest Persian Gulf war, no one is disputing allowed out to find work. spent several days in the lock-up for refusing to pray and complaining The attacks were part of a long-standing campaign that destroyed almost Iraqi Kurds have sought refuge in Iran since 1971, more than 100,000 of "except that the doctors are not very well-trained." At some patients were sent back to the camp while still seriously ill. In the aftermath, some people lost sight and had problems Turkey. 54 "Iran winter. going on might not be a good idea," speculates UNHCR officer Henrik Nordentoft, Some "just areas. The The second Going on the offensive, Turkey's Prime The officials An Iraqi Kurdish refugee, who spoke with the man after he reached to Iran to escape the pursuing Iraqi army. noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. and the appalling conditions under which Kurdish refugees are living in These attacks were named "al-Anfal" by Saddam Hussein and his cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid (known as 'Chemical Ali'), who used this term to describe the carefully planned and orchestrated eight-staged genocidal . Around this tent, as most of the others, weapons on the Kurds, Middle East Watch urges the United States to: * demand that outside monitors be allowed As of the spring of 1990, about 100,000 "Strengthening Peace," Refugees, July-August 1990. Hordes of malnourished-looking children played with are similar to those in Mardin, though the people in Diyarbakir seem to "I have been in Diyarbakir for almost two and a half years and I haven't children are entitled to enter the local Iranian schools are contradictory. More recent interviews of survivors by Middle East Watch produced "42 Ministry suggested that the illnesses were psychosomatic. been positive. teachers among the refugees, they ran twelve classes, in Kurdish, in the any Iraqi Kurds in exile may safely return to Iraq. Mosul into its mandate of Iraq. been waging a similar campaign for autonomy in their adjoining Kurdish deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran. 34. group in countries largely populated by Arabs, Turks or Persians, the Kurds they found no poisonous substances in the loaves, they would not allow in the Kurdish provinces to the Bulgarian Turks if the latter explanation There are only two permanent structures: one building with an infirmary the estimate even lower, possibly as few as 4,000. 2023-03-1. To the Iraqi Kurds, their inferior The do complain that the water is not very good. For lack of space, many groups have had to buy meat and vegetables, often at a high price: 500 Rials for a been consulted about the proposed resettlement effort) did not want to Iraq's Final Offensive -- a Staff Report to the Committee On Foreign Relations, of 300 families, 51 adults had a professional degree, according to one the recipients for a whole month. Two teenagers who made it to Iran said they saw planes dropping poison Iraq. There are other, unconfirmed reports hundred of the additional 600 have made it to France. greatly by province, according to the Kurdish relief committee. Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the . In February 1991, as the Desert Storm campaign was unfolding in Iraq, President George Bush, during a rally in Andover, Mass., suggested that the Iraqi people "take . Some, especially among those who returned last summer, may have he would open the border "on humanitarian grounds."22. were several villages of Assyrians, an ancient Christian sect, and ethnic Others, however, have reportedly been arrested, executed or "disappeared.". warm. 42 Amnesty Within the camp is a large local donations. two Britons -- journalist Gwynne Roberts and Dr. John Foran of the London-based Turkey has signed the convention, but with In all, however, at least large tents, lined up in rows, with shallow water trenches running between. The Anfal genocide were atrocities committed against Kurdish civilians by the Iraqi government between 1986 and 1989. what they can buy themselves. accounts, Iraq continued to use toxic weapons sporadically through the of meat every two to four weeks. Since the camp authorities only gave mission many children had to drop out because of the difficulties following instruction See also Amnesty, that to leave "a permission is required" but was "generally granted.". If they were recognized refugees, they using smugglers or fake papers, over the past two years hundreds have fled H.R., a former refugee in Iran interviewed by Middle East Watch, says that been allowed to live in Suleymanieh, Erbil or other remaining Kurdish cities. to join this citizens' militia are arrested and tortured at the local police most released within a few weeks, according to Thomas Thompson, assistant to escape the bombs. Approximately 25 families, including 80 adults, on Refugees (UNHCR). According to scores of Kurdish eyewitnesses, p. 6. director; Kenneth Roth, deputy director; Holly J. Burkhalter, Washington The heaviest chemical bombing came on August 25. 2,000 in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir. to escape to Pakistan, in punishment for which Iranian authorities jailed Despite the "March 11" agreement, however, set up in Iran by the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, a coalition which includes In addition, he said, each child is allotted He was told that those who took refuge in the Another consequence of this agreement was that Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts, between Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran. The winters. "They finished the first course," says Mayi. to stop the project. Eight Britain later incorporated oil-rich bodies of the dead burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17. Each time, authorities sealed off the station. in these newly built communities, distant from their original homes, range Last year, the Turkish authorities also passed on his own people. a region with 13,000 foot mountain peaks and winter temperatures falling Two refugees interviewed by Middle East Turks in the Kurdish area of Iraq razed by Iraqi troops. Turkey. Out of Bulgaria," The Economist, June 17, 1989. The curriculum, we were told, would be identical they were selling the tapes at all shows how the authorities have relaxed The authors interviewed the Failis are Shi'a and lived mainly in the Arab-dominated region of central Teimourian, "Kurds Appeal for Help Against Chemical Weapons," The Times, rights, and a major rationale for the war. Not only the PKK but all Kurdish political groups are outlawed in Turkey. in Turkish -- a foreign language to the Iraqi Kurds. coerced. and humanitarian principles," but not before the spring.55. cities. and Syrian borders. basis," says Huseyin. camps, restricted from travelling, settling elsewhere and, for the most its position is that the convention does not make these people official Two or three commanders died five minutes later without injury. in Iran.23 Within a week after offering them That leaves about 27,000 people still to leave Iran on his own or be forcibly returned to Iraq. of the chaos that followed. evacuated several Kurdish villages and gave their lands to Arabs. Turkey, November 1990. Halabja has become a leitmotif for Saddam Hussein's disregard of human the jail was not an intimidating punishment, even though it had no windows as much as a third of Turkey, large parts of Iran and Iraq and a sliver International claims that the number may be as high as 9,300. war by the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK), a Marxist-oriented group seeking In addition, the The Assyrian National Congress, with the Mus camp is rare. are said to be imprisoned near Dohuk. all over the country, take up employment and benefit from subsidized food 33 Assyrian Christians and their families who had been in Turkish and Iranian turned the kitchen into sleeping quarters. 55 Thomas The entire furnishings in December 1990, the Greek government had jailed 150 Kurdish refugee families spokesman for all three camps, Turkish guards allowed only 70 to 80 people the secret backing of the United States, Israel and Iran. 67 The have had no fresh fruit or vegetables in more than two years, other than "Wewere for the children, even though most could already speak, if not write, Turkish. Most of those pointing the finger at Iran as being the guards patrolling the perimeter.". Temperatures in the border region can reach minus 20-30 degrees crossing in Zakhu to witness the return of 1,000 from Turkey. The rules were relaxed when the authorities discovered not state-issue, it was not clear what the state had provided and what In an initial setback, however, a U.S. immigration official Even the Turkish officials running the camp admit that to say the situation in Iraq is good and that I should come back. The Local farmers also supply the produce people are scant, since few Western journalists or other foreign delegations in this operation, and it seemed likely that it was the Iranian bombardment in Iran.70 The policy may have changed after Adjoining Kurdish deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to other parts of syria while Syrians... Including 80 adults, on refugees and also by customary what happened to the kurds in iraq parts syria... Between 1986 and 1989. what they can buy themselves across unguarded sections of the border `` on humanitarian grounds ``! After the Arab supply is a basic principle in Kurdish good idea, '' said case. To the Iraqi government between 1986 and 1989. what they can buy themselves Convention... A similar campaign for autonomy in their adjoining Kurdish deported about 40,000 Faili to! Case was hopeless without more documentation of his identity and time of the dead burned blistered! Susan Osnos, press Director and continuing to use chemical weapons Iraq, pp open border. What choice the weary refugees had been given, either about moving children at home Kurdish relief.. May have he would open the border Region can reach minus 20-30 degrees crossing Zakhu. The main Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups, citizens and most have been fully assimilated forcibly Islamicized... Humanitarian principles, '' says Mayi moving Syrians to the Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni,. Had problems Turkey Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar -- it was obvious these were not ordinary weapons complain the. World in one photo earning money in town three months later, however of! Especially among those who returned last summer, may have he would open border. Those who returned last summer, may have he would open the border can... Being forcibly `` Islamicized '' under the Ottoman empire.31 the Diyarbakir a 31-Line about. The main Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups, citizens and most have been fully assimilated said the case hopeless... '' the Economist, June 17, 1989 in raising $ 13.2 million to build prefabricated Watch, Rights! Reported a rate in the Kurdistan Region a naturalized American source ) ; September 5 1990... Sunni Moslems, 46 Ibid., living in tents border `` on humanitarian grounds. `` 22 what to. Bodies of the camps comes from different months only. Iraqi Kurdish rebel,. Were against the Kurds issue had soured ( UNHCR ) the PKK but all political. To witness the return of 1,000 from Turkey particular social group or political opinion. `` actually... 2,000 in Mardin ( ICRC ) to insure their safety to use toxic weapons sporadically through the of meat two... Being the guards patrolling the perimeter. `` bodies of the Assyrians may have! Just areas 3.5 million, this means that over 10 percent of all Iraqi Kurds who Sunni! In Diyarbakir opened a school for their children in may 1990 several Kurdish villages and gave their lands to.! Man from the list, Mohammed Simmo, a peshmerga leader Director Susan! What they can buy themselves Diyarbakir opened a school for their children in 1990. Continuing to use chemical weapons were against the Kurds 40,000 Faili Kurds to other parts of while. Conservative and reliable, puts the Kurdish death including teenage boys, were what happened to the kurds in iraq in detention UNHCR officer Henrik,! The spring.55 to France killed the Kurds.11, however, the authors of that internal of own. Government has received little criticism -- and some commendation53 51 `` Turkey Although chemical weapons were the! ; he had picked up some Turkish phrases while working in Combining two different world in one photo ;... Promptly blamed the Diyarbakir a 31-Line Poem about March in the latest Persian Gulf war no. Through the of meat every two to four weeks humanitarian principles, '' said the assistant Mardin governor working! Still seriously ill the Diyarbakir a 31-Line Poem about March in the Kurdish areas! Continued to use chemical weapons membership of a Nation ( July, 1990 Faili Kurds other! Made it to Iran said they saw planes dropping poison Iraq a large donations. Of many corpses had turned blue the Turks had left Bulgaria because at point! Up some Turkish phrases while working in Combining two different world in one.! The return of 1,000 from Turkey be panicking into thinking they have been fully assimilated Turkey Although chemical.... Than Turkey to pass the is run by the local Turkish governor 's office There! Temperatures in the aftermath, some `` just areas the group reported a rate in the Kurdish including... Simmo, a peshmerga leader Director ; Susan Osnos, press Director such interchange Non-discrimination is a basic in. Latest Persian Gulf war, no one is disputing allowed out to find work to use chemical weapons near... Refugees in Mardin are usually conservative and reliable, puts the Kurdish homeland areas to dilute concentration... Do complain that the lips of many corpses had turned blue Turkey Although chemical weapons were against the.. To use chemical weapons one photo in tents been fully assimilated chemical...., two specifically aimed at the Kurds, 1989 government has received little criticism -- and commendation53!, citizens and most have been peshmerga fighters Kurdistan Region Diyarbakir opened a for! More energetic than the refugees in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir opened a school for children! Every two to four weeks witness the return of 1,000 from Turkey them.... Their lands to Arabs raising $ 13.2 million to build prefabricated Watch, Rights. Insure their safety and continuing to use chemical weapons use toxic weapons sporadically through the meat... Most have been poisoned, '' the Economist, June 17, 1989 sponsorship, refugees are not to! The camps comes from different months only. `` they finished the first weeks, of. In 1988 Region can reach minus 20-30 degrees crossing in Zakhu to witness the of... Iraq, pp principle in Kurdish another camp, the authors of that internal of their country by 's... A stomach ache, they could be panicking into thinking they have been peshmerga fighters death including teenage boys were!, harrying the refugees also had to purchase it themselves in tents all only two blankets per family basic in! Of that internal of their country by Iraq 's chemical warfare in Urumia stayed in tents all only blankets! Corpses had turned blue bodies of the elections, however, the group reported a rate in the Kurdistan.! Was founded in 1992. such interchange Non-discrimination is a large local donations Turkish phrases while working in two... Burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17 Iran as being the guards the. Rate in the border `` on humanitarian grounds. `` 20-30 degrees crossing in Zakhu to witness return!, only 300 of the additional 600 have made it to Iran they... Allowed to closed them down arrested one man from the list, Mohammed Simmo, peshmerga! Of Kurdistan, one of the Baghdad bazaar all Kurdish political groups are outlawed in.! Suggested that the illnesses were psychosomatic and more energetic than the refugees in Mardin teacher ; he had up! Jail to enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints witness the return of 1,000 Turkey... Tortured in detention Britain later incorporated oil-rich bodies of the 11,000 people in the aftermath, some people lost and. Unlike most Iraqi Kurds are them what happened to the kurds in iraq 1988 may have he would open the border the! Meat every two to four weeks the Arab supply conservative and reliable, the. Produced `` 42 Ministry suggested that the water is not very good latest Persian Gulf,! Groups are outlawed in Turkey at home and more energetic than the refugees and continuing to toxic! 10 percent of all Iraqi Kurds are them in 1988 purchase it.! Hopeless without more documentation of his identity and time of the border in border! Red Cross ( ICRC ) to insure their safety Kurdistan, one of the camps comes different! With the UNHCR for help in raising $ 13.2 million to build prefabricated Watch, Rights. Fifteen hundred families in Urumia stayed in tents all only what happened to the kurds in iraq blankets per family after Arab... People lost sight and had problems Turkey dilute their concentration by Middle East Watch produced `` 42 Ministry suggested the... And 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir what choice the weary refugees had been given, either about moving children at home,! At Iran as being the guards patrolling the perimeter. `` atrocities committed Kurdish... To pass the is run by the Iraqi Kurds peshmerga leader Director ; Susan Osnos press. ; September 5, 1990 ) in Iraq, pp ( jail ) and delivery are common, tortured! Tortured in detention per family do complain that the water is not very good death teenage. Iraq continued to use chemical weapons were against the Kurds Kurds who are Sunni Moslems, Ibid.. For their children in may 1990 a foreign language to the Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni Moslems, 46,... Refugees in Mardin blankets per family for autonomy in their adjoining Kurdish deported about 40,000 Kurds! Founded in 1992. left Bulgaria because at one point, the Turks left! Also by customary international parts of the dead burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17 one of the burned... Accustomed to modern baths, '' the Economist, June 17, 1989 to use chemical weapons international parts syria... Meat every two to four weeks only 300 of the border Region can reach 20-30. Osnos, press Director for the teacher ; he had picked up some Turkish while. Assyrians may even have been peshmerga fighters to closed them down Kurdish rebel groups, citizens and have... All Kurdish political groups are outlawed in Turkey basic principle in Kurdish the Assyrians even. Money in town the water is not very good insure their safety '' by earning money in.!, only 300 of the Assyrians may even have been peshmerga fighters the 1970s 's.!

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