battle of port gibson map

The Union troops pushed forward all along the line and fierce fighting continued throughout the afternoon. Battle of Port Gibson Grants March Marker, Battle of Port Gibson Grants March. Nevertheless, the South still controlled traffic on much of the river because of its strong fortifications at Vicksburg, Mississippi. At the onset of the American Civil War, the State of Tennessee comprised the majority of the northern border of the Confederate States of America in the West. 1. Gen. John Bowen clashed with elements of two Union corps commanded by Maj. Gen. U.S. Grant. The 11th, 23rd, and 29th Wisconsin Infantry regiments and the 1st and 6th Wisconsin Light Artillery batteries participated in the assault on Port Gibson. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Every purchase supports the mission. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. At nightfall they were forced to yield and the Union victory established a foothold to attack Vicksburg. In May of 1962, the Grand Gulf Military Monument Park was officially opened, dedicated to preserving the memory of both the town and the battle in which occurred there. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Gen. Alvin P. Hovey's 12th Division arrived and surged forward just as Carr's men were storming the Confederate position. The Battle of Port Gibson was a resounding Union victory that secured Grants beachhead east of the Mississippi River and cleared the way to the Southern Railroad supplying Vicksburg. Johnston's removal prevented him from uniting his forces with Pemberton, now isolated at Vicksburg. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. At dawn, the Federals . In December, Grant launched his first attempt to capture Vicksburg. Bowen deployed Brigadier General Martin E. Greens Brigade west of Port Gibson along Rodney Road and he stationed Brigadier General Edward D. Tracys brigade across Bruinsburg Road. The stillness of the night was shattered as a volley of musketry came in reply. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! To the east, a ring of forts, mounting 172 guns, shielded the city from an overland assault. In late April 1863, Union troops on the west bank advanced toward Vicksburg. The Union fleet, however, failed to silence the Confederate batteries at Grand Gulf. American Battlefield Trust's Map Reprint Permission Policy, Gettysburg | Picketts Charge | July 3, 1863 | 3:45 - 4:00 pm, Antietam | West Woods | Sep 17, 1862 | 9:00 - 11:30 am. Bowen lost 787 soldiers (60 killed, 340 wounded, and 387 missing). A 2,080-acre (840ha) area surrounding part of the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and a larger area was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2005. Old Rodney Rd As McPhersons troops moved along Rodney Road in the dark, they encountered light opposition from Greens advance patrols until stopping at about 3 a.m. A few miles to the south, McClernands Corps traveled along Rodney Road. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. As an Amazon Associate, the owner of Ohio Civil War Central can earn from qualifying purchases. Green quickly mounted and raced back to Magnolia Church to alert his brigade. Known as The Gibraltar of the Confederacy, the city seemed to be impregnable. Despite the thousands of Yankees involved, the Confederate forces in the area still outnumbered them. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. Situated atop dominate bluffs overlooking a sweeping bend of the river, Vicksburg was a tough nut to crack. The battlefield covers about 3,400 acres (1,400 ha) of land west of the city, astride Rodney Road, where Union Army forces were establishing a beachhead after crossing the Mississippi River in a bid to take the Confederate fortress of Vicksburg. Point Pleasant, Ohio, Birthplace of Ulysses S. Grant, Surrender at Appomattox Court House, McLean House Location, Ohio Generals and Officers of the Civil War, Image Gallery, Battle of the Wilderness, Federal Lines on North Side of Orange Plank Road, Photo, Siege of Vicksburg, Fight in the Crater of Fort Hill, June 25, 1863, Illustration. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. As McPherson's troops moved along Rodney Road in the dark, they encountered light opposition from Green's advance patrols until stopping at about 3 a.m. Port Hudson Union Official Records. These stately columns are all that remain of Windsor, one of the most magnificent homes in the antebellum South. The Federal soldiers clambered aboard the barges at Disharoons plantation on the Louisiana side of the river, crossed over, and disembarked at Bruinsburg, on the Mississippi side. Forced to defend two approaches to Port Gibson, Bowen divided his already heavily outnumbered forces. To divert attention from his main operations, Grant ordered Sherman to feign an attack against Confederate forces stationed at Snyders Bluff, upriver from Vicksburg, from April 29 through May 1. During the winter, Grant made several unsuccessful attempts to approach Vicksburg from other directions. See and touch history at Historic Sites, Museums and special events, Restore your historic home or property, get tax credits, renovation tips, This map depicts the opening battles in the Union campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in May 1863. The area is now largely wooded, with a scattering of non-historic houses and other buildings, mainly along Rodney Road which roughly bisects the battlefield. Five-and-one-half hours of shelling by Porters squadron failed to silence Fort Cobun, a Confederate artillery stronghold guarding the Mississippi River. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Green quickly mounted and raced back to Magnolia Church to alert his brigade. The house was used by Maj. Gen. John A McClernand for his headquarters and later used as a hospital. Battle of Port Gibson. [4], U.S. National Register of Historic Places, List of National Historic Landmarks in Mississippi, National Register of Historic Places listings in Claiborne County, Mississippi, "National Historic Landmark Nomination: Battle of Port Gibson / Battle of Thompson's Hill / Battle of Magnolia Hills", History Under Siege: Port Gibson designated by the Civil War Preservation Trust as a Top 10 most endangered Civil War battlefield in 2009, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port_Gibson_Battlefield&oldid=1103087379, This page was last edited on 8 August 2022, at 08:24. Finding an unguarded landing at Bruinsburg, south of Grand Gulf, the Union launched the largest amphibious landing conducted by the U. S. Army until the Normandy Invasion on June 6, 1944. . Contents 1 Background 2 Battle 3 Aftermath 4 Battlefield preservation 5 See also 6 References Later that night, Grant ordered McClernand and Major General James B. McPherson to march their 13th and 17th Army Corps down the Louisiana side of the Mississippi past Grand Gulf. While in Port Gibson, a visit to Windsor Ruins is a must. This was the first battle for the 29th Wisconsin Infantry, which fought for more than an hour against the Confederates. As Greens men scrambled to the rear, Brig. On March 29, 1863, Grant put part of his army to work erecting bridges, draining bayous, and constructing a road past Vicksburg on the west side of the Mississippi. An informative marker tells the story behind the mansion, including its demise. If Union forces could gain control of the Mississippi, they could deny the Confederacy easy access to supplies from the Gulf of Mexico and territories in the American West. Records 1 - 52. Consider donating to their mission to preserve battlefields like Port Gibson for future generat. American History Central also displays ads from third-party networks. On May 1, 1863, Confederate forces under Brig. As the long column tramped down this road many officers were on foot. Battle of Raymond: May 12 Vicksburg sits on a high bluff on the eastern side of the Mississippi River, south of the mouth of the Yazoo River. The Federals divided their forces and moved along two roughly parallel roads that converged near their objective, about ten miles to the east. Please call for camping info. Federal efforts to push rapidly inland were slowed because McClernand had forgotten to issue rations to the men. Grant, however, would have other plans; the roads on the west bank of the Big Black River were open all the way to the Mississippi state capital and the critical rail link to Vicksburg. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Port Gibson Battlefield The A. K. Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. Official Records. In June, the Union tightened its grip on the Mississippi, when federal forces captured the river city of Memphis, Tennessee. American History Central is an independent encyclopedia of American history. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. With the aid of Admiral Porters gunboats, Grant attempted to move Major General John A. McClernands 13th Army Corps down the Mississippi River on transport barges and execute a landing on the east bank at Grand Gulf, at the juncture of the Mississippi and the Big Black River roughly thirty miles below Vicksburg. Grant then sailed farther south and began crossing at Bruinsburg, Mississippi, on April 30. Battle of Port Gibson - Grant's March Marker. A portion of the troops turned left following the road past Windsor, but the bulk turned right, coming to Bethel Church, and turning east here. Many of the bullets buried themselves in the wagon-load of furniture. At roughly 8 a.m., a Union musket ball pierced General Tracys breast, killing him instantly, but his men held on until about 10 a.m. when their lines crumbled. On the night of April 16, seven gunboats and three supply ships under the command of Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter ran the gauntlet of Confederate batteries along the river. Gen. Martin E. Green's Brigade and took up a position astride the Rodney road just southwest of Port Gibson near Magnolia Church. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. Located eight miles northwest of Port Gibson, Mississippi off Highway 61, this 450 acre landmark is listed on . Battle of Port Gibson Marker. Confederate Brig. In June, the Union tightened its grip on the Mississippi, when Federal forces captured the river city of Memphis, Tennessee. To complete the river crossing, however, Grant needed the assistance of his naval forces. General Carr scouted the ground before him and realized that a frontal assault through the canebrakes would be fruitless. The Confederate force now retreated back towards Grand Gulf. The Union victory at the Battle of Port Gibson cost Grant 875 casualties (131 killed, 719 wounded, and 25 missing). As a result, the landing was unchallenged and the only Confederates nearby were Major General John S. Bowens force of 6,000-8,000 soldiers who had marched to Port Gibson after thwarting Grants landing at Grand Gulf the previous day. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. The invasion of Mississippi by roughly 23,000 Union soldiers on April 30, 1863, was the largest amphibious offensive in American history prior to the invasion of Normandy, France, during World War II. Leading up to the Battle of Port Gibson in the spring of 1863, confederate troops used the roof observatory as a lookout as Grant's army crossed the Mississippi River. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and was victorious. Green called for reinforcements from Brig. The Battle of Port Gibson occurred on May 1, 1863, and resulted in the deaths of more than 200 Union and Confederate soldiers. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! May 1, 1863: Battle of Port Gibson. On May 1, the Battle of Port Gibson was fought. Unaware that Grant had pulled back, Sherman attacked, but Rebels forces defeated him at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou (December 2629, 1862). Rather than form on Garrotts endangered right, Green assumed position on his left and, thus, provided little support. Sherman's feint against the Yazoo Bluffsthe Battle of Snyder's Bluffwas a complete success, and only a single Confederate brigade was detached south. Grant also ordered Colonel Benjamin Garrison to stage a daring cavalry raid through central Mississippi, which forced Confederate Commander of the Army of Mississippi, John C. Pemberton, to divert troops away from Vicksburg. Twenty minutes after the troops had been staged for the assault, the Confederates were retreating into the Bayou Pierre bottoms, having left behind several hundred prisoners. We are open 9am-4pm. Later that night, Grant ordered McClernand and Major General James B. McPherson to march their 13th and 17th Army Corps down the Louisiana side of the Mississippi past Grand Gulf. Nothing seemed to work. The Battle of Port Gibson was fought near Port Gibson, Mississippi, on May 1, 1863, between Union and Confederate forces during the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. A counterattack by Col. Francis Cockrells Missouri regiments was repulsed in the late afternoon and the Southerners were forced from the field. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Hallecks departure left Major General Ulysses S. Grant in charge of operations in the Western Theater. [Wikimedia Commons]. A desperate Confederate counterattack by Cockrells Missourians was repulsed, and Bowen ordered a retreat. The 1st Light Artillery destroyed a Confederate battery, but the 6th and 12th batteries took no important part in the battle. The battlefield covers about 3,400 acre of land west of the city, astride Rodney Road, where Union Army forces were establishing a beachhead after crossing the . Rather than moving forward to confront the Union invasion force at Bruinsburg, where it was most vulnerable, Pemberton chose to keep most of his troops in garrison at Vicksburg. As the situation deteriorated, Bowen wired his superiors: "We have been engaged in a furious battle ever since daylight; losses very heavy. On the night of April 16, seven gunboats and three supply ships under the command of Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter ran the gauntlet of Confederate batteries along the river. La.) Farragut made two attempts to do so in May and June 1862, but both excursions failed. Every purchase supports the mission. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. . Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Despite a valiant effort by Col. Isham W. Garrot, taking over for Tracy, his line was outflanked and he was forced to withdraw. Tracy dispatched infantry and artillery to Greens assistance minutes before cannons began to pound his own line, signaling the advance of a new Union column under Brig. Union gunboats, investigating the nature of the explosion, arrived and took Grand Gulf without a shot. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Gen. John Bowen clashed with elements of two Union corps commanded by Maj. Gen. U.S. Grant. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. The battle began around midnight near the Shaifer House four miles west of town. By late 1861, President Abraham Lincoln was pressuring Union commanders in the west to invade the South. McPhersons Corps marched along Bruinsburg Road. The site is owned, operated, and funded by R.Squared Communications, LLC. The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and was victorious. To complete the river crossing, however, Grant needed the help of his naval forces. The only Confederate cavalry in the area, Wirt Adams's regiment, had been ordered away to pursue Grierson's raiders, and Maj. Gen. John S. Bowen performed a reconnaissance in force to determine Grant's intentions. Grant's plan to detach McClernand to Banks would have to wait. Resounding Union victories at the Battle of Champion Hill (May 16) and the Battle of Big Black River (May 17), forced Pemberton to take refuge within the City of Vicksburg proper. Port Gibson Confederate Official Records. To the east, a ring of forts, mounting 172 guns, shielded the city from an overland assault. Gen. William Baldwin, just arriving from Vicksburg, and Col. Francis Cockrells from Grand Gulf, were placed into position astride the road at White and Irwins Branches of Willow Creek, a mile and a half east of Magnolia Church. At dawn, the Federals advanced against the flanks of Bowen's line posted on the . Map of the Mississippi River, 1863 . This historical marker is Near Bruinsburg in Claiborne County Mississippi, 3. Confederate forces were entrenched at Magnolia Church. Confederate forces were entrenched at nearby Magnolia Church. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. This strategic battle was fought eight miles west of Bethel Church on May 1, 1863. With two of the three main rivers connecting the North and South under Union control, the Federals turned their attention to the Mississippi River. The ragtag army that had fought so well at Port Gibson would not rest until they had entered the Warrenton fortifications nearly ten miles away. The site of the Battle of Port Gibson lies approximately four miles west of the historic town of Port Gibson in Claiborne County, Mississippi. Confederate forces were entrenched at nearby Magnolia Church. Unaware that Grant had pulled back, Sherman attacked and was defeated at the Battle of Chickasaw Bluffs (December 29, 1862). Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. [1], Last edited on 30 December 2022, at 22:19, Learn how and when to remove this template message, History Under Siege: Port Gibson designated by the Civil War Preservation Trust as a Top 10 most endangered Civil War battlefield in 2009, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Port_Gibson&oldid=1130579779, This page was last edited on 30 December 2022, at 22:19. This was the largest amphibious landing of troops prior to World War II. On January 30, 1862, the Western Theater commander, General Henry Halleck, reluctantly approved Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant's request to attack Fort Henry, located on the Tennessee River. Here they began improving the fortifications along the roads to Vicksburg, expecting that Grant would be close behind. Join us July 13-16! In December, Grant launched his first attempt to capture Vicksburg. On the night of May 1, 1863, 23,000 Union soldiers landed a few miles south of Vicksburg at Port Gibson, Mississippi. The battlefield covers about 3,400 acres (1,400ha) of land west of the city, astride Rodney Road, where Union Army forces were establishing a beachhead after crossing the Mississippi River in a bid to take the Confederate fortress of Vicksburg. Brig. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. The Battle of Georgia Landing or Battle of Labadieville (October 27, 1862) was fought between a Union Army force led by Brigadier General Godfrey Weitzel and a Confederate States Army force commanded by Brigadier General Alfred Mouton near Labadieville, Assumption Parish, Louisiana, during the American Civil War.After a sharp clash, the Union troops compelled Mouton's outnumbered force to retreat. [2][4] In 2009, the battlefield was designated by the Civil War Preservation Trust as one of its Top 10 most endangered Civil War battlefields. As long as they held it, Union forces could not ship men or supplies any further south. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! The Union victory at the Battle of Port Gibson cost Grant 875 casualties (131 killed, 719 wounded, and 25 missing). Port Gibson Battlefield Mississippi Old Rodney Rd Port Gibson, MS 39150 United States Website https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/battleportgibson.htm The Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. quadrangle map, only one small, intensive level survey was performed within the battlefield area. The Confederate right did not last long. Donning a cloak to disguise his rank, he reviewed the front lines and quickly devised a turning movement that would render untenable the entire Confederate right flank. Having developed each other's positions, the opposing forces sat down and waited for daylight. Records 53-97. With two of the three main rivers connecting the North and South under Union control, the Federals turned their attention to the Mississippi River. Against this target, Grant poised his army to strike. Despite heavy Rebel fire, Porter passed the city, losing only one ship. This survey was of a two-acre borrow area . Manage Settings The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Battle of Chickasaw Bayou (December 2629, 1862), The Union victory at the Battle of Port Gibson, Battle of Big Black River Bridge (May 17). Admiral David Farragut captured the port city of New Orleans on May 18, 1862, closing down Confederate access to the Gulf. After two desperate counterattacks failed in the late afternoon, Bowen recognized the futility of further resistance against the Union onslaught and ordered a retreat, leaving behind several hundred prisoners. Gen. Edward D. Tracy arrived later and was posted across the Bruinsburg Road two miles north of Green's position. Mine Run - Conf. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Windsor Battlefield Tour. The Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. Navys. The Battle of Port Gibson was Union general Ulysses S. Grant's first victory in the campaign that eventually led to the fall of Vicksburg. At the time of the battle in 1863, the terraces of the area would have been in agriculture, with the ravines filled with dense jungle-like growth. #2 Port Gibson Battlefield National Register of Historic Places Updated: 2020-05-09 The Port Gibson Battlefield is the site near Port Gibson, Mississippi where the 1863 Battle of Port Gibson was fought during the American Civil War. As the situation deteriorated, Bowen wired his superiors: We have been engaged in a furious battle ever since daylight; losses very heavy. Almost by mutual consent, the fighting ebbed by 3:00 a.m., and the weary soldiers in blue and gray rested on their arms. Port Gibson NYT May 15, 1863. The Battle of Port Gibson was fought near Port Gibson, Mississippi, on May 1, 1863, between Union and Confederate forces during the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. The women were terrified and, screaming with fright, leaped into the wagon and whipped the animals toward Port Gibson. Visit our other Wisconsin Historical Society websites! Map (db m35542) HM Vicksburg is located on the eastern side of the Mississippi, south of the mouth of the Yazoo River. In the battles aftermath, Grant turned his army east and drove General Joseph E. Johnstons forces away from the state capital at Jackson, Mississippi, on May 14, 1863. Part of the battle was fought on the Bruinsburg Road at Point Lookout. Battlefield map courtesy of the American Battlefield Trust. Supplies were piled on all sorts of wagons and carriages for the surprise march on the Confederates. Please read ourPrivacy Policyregarding the use of cookies and visitor tracking. Federal losses were surprisingly heavy, at 131 killed, 719 wounded and 25 missing. Forced to defend two approaches to Port Gibson, Bowen divided his already heavily outnumbered forces. The terrain is a tangle of ravines and terraces, caused by the soil type (sedimentary loess) and a history of intensive agricultural use up to the 20th century. The Federal landing at Bruinsburg, Mississippi, on April 30, 1863, and the ensuing victory at the Battle of Port Gibson the next day, cemented a Union presence in western Mississippi that led to the eventual downfall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River. Mine Run - Union Off. [Source: Report on the Nation's Civil War Battlefields (Washington, 1993); Estabrook, C. Records and Sketches of Military Organizations (Madison, 1914); Love, W. Wisconsin in the War of the Rebellion (Madison, 1866)], Sign up for the Wisconsin Historical Society Newsletter, 1996-2023 Wisconsin Historical Society, 816 State Street, Madison, WI 53706, Port Gibson, Battle of | Wisconsin Historical Society, Read About the Experiences of Wisconsin Troops. Confederate Brig. Meanwhile, Grant approached the city with the bulk of his army from the east, but Rebel cavalry cut his supply lines, forcing him to retreat before launching an assault. View the original source document: WHI 90836, Location: Port Gibson, Mississippi (Google Map), Campaign: Grant's Operations Against Vicksburg (March-July 1863). . On March 29, 1863, he put part of his army to work constructing bridges, draining bayous and constructing a road past Vicksburg on the west side of the Mississippi. Fighting erupted shortly after midnight on May 1 as Union soldiers encountered Bowen's men in the dense undergrowth near Magnolia Church and continued into the next day. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Almost by mutual consent the fighting ebbed by 3:00 a.m. and the weary soldiers in blue and gray rested on their arms. First Sergeant Charles Hobbs of the 99th Illinois recorded of his experience that night: As we pass along an old darkey gives us his blessings, but fears there will be few of us ever to return. All over the world for sessions, lectures, and 387 missing ) road two miles north of 's... Encyclopedia of American history removal prevented him from uniting his forces with,... Of Vicksburg at Port Gibson and the Southerners were forced to defend two approaches Port. Repulsed, and was posted across the Bruinsburg road at Point Lookout on foot along two parallel. Efforts to blaze the Liberty Trail in South Carolina, shielded the city from an overland.... With Pemberton, now isolated at Vicksburg Union victory at the Battle converged near their objective about. Annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from experts... Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states its fortifications. The flanks of Bowen & # x27 ; s line posted on the American Battlefield Trust quarterly... They were forced from the field opposing forces sat down and waited for daylight Settings. The owner of Ohio Civil War Central can earn from qualifying purchases blaze... 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